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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Rubble pile asteroids are forever.

Fred Jourdan1,2,3, Nicholas E Timms3, Tomoki Nakamura4

  • 1Western Australian Argon Isotope Facility and TIGeR, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6102, Australia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rubble pile asteroids are surprisingly durable, surviving solar system bombardment for billions of years, potentially ten times longer than solid asteroids. Their shock-absorbent nature makes them resilient, impacting asteroid belt abundance and collision mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
40Ar/39Ar datingasteroidasteroid breakupimpactssample return mission

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Asteroid Research
  • Cosmic Durability Studies

Background:

  • Rubble pile asteroids, composed of reassembled fragments, are abundant but their durability is unknown.
  • Monolithic asteroids are predicted to have short lifespans (hundreds of millions of years).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the durability and survival time of rubble pile asteroids.
  • To investigate the formation age and resilience of rubble pile structures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of regolith dust particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa using electron backscatter diffraction, mass spectrometry, atom probe tomography, and 40Ar/39Ar dating.
  • Application of thermal and diffusion models.

Main Results:

  • Particles experienced low shock pressure (5-15 GPa).
  • Two particles yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages of ~4.2 billion years.
  • Constrained rubble pile formation age to ≥4.2 billion years ago.

Conclusions:

  • Rubble pile asteroids can survive bombardment for extremely long periods, potentially 10 times longer than monolithic asteroids.
  • Their shock-absorbent nature contributes to their longevity.
  • Rubble piles may be more common than previously thought, influencing asteroid belt dynamics and collision risk assessments.