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Related Concept Videos

Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
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Remote-controllable dosage management through a wearable iontophoretic patch utilizing a cell phone.

Kenji Mori1, Kotomi Yamazaki1, Chihiro Takei1

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a remote-controlled drug delivery system enabling internet-based administration of therapeutic drugs. The system successfully demonstrated remote control of drug permeation through skin using iontophoresis, improving patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Dosage management systemInternetIontophoresisRemote control

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Remote-controlled medical operations are established, but remote drug administration systems are underdeveloped.
  • Existing drug delivery methods often require frequent hospital visits, impacting patient quality of life and increasing costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a prototype remote-controllable dosage management system for therapeutic drug administration.
  • To establish the feasibility of remote drug delivery via an internet connection without direct physical contact with the device.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-system prototype: System A (transmitter, integrated into a cell phone) and System B (dosage device with receiver, management, and iontophoresis units).
  • Utilized Bluetooth® for communication between System A and System B.
  • Evaluated in vitro skin permeation of betamethasone phosphate (BP⁻) using a constant-current iontophoresis device on excised pig skin.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved remote-controlled skin permeation of BP⁻ by transmitting administration information from System A to System B.
  • The iontophoresis device in System B delivered the optimal current for drug permeation.
  • Discontinuation of voltage application led to a decrease in drug permeation amount.

Conclusions:

  • Remote control of drug delivery systems applied to the skin, intracutaneously, or subcutaneously is feasible.
  • This technology has the potential to reduce hospital visits, decrease medical expenses, and enhance patients' quality of life.