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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in Virginia, January 17, 2021 - June 30, 2021
Brandy Darby1, Victoria Alexander1, Julia Murphy1
1Virginia Department of Health, 109 Governor St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
Vaccine
|January 23, 2023
Summary
Real-world data shows COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections were rare in Virginia. However, vaccine effectiveness varied over time, and older age, medical conditions, and male sex increased severe outcomes risk.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings is crucial.
- Post-authorization surveillance monitors vaccine performance beyond clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated Virginia residents.
- To identify risk factors associated with severe outcomes (hospitalization or death) from breakthrough infections.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study design.
- Analysis of data from fully vaccinated Virginia residents between January 17 and June 30, 2021.
- Comparison of outcomes between different vaccine types and over time.
Main Results:
- A low rate (0.057%) of vaccine breakthrough infections was observed among 4,271,505 fully vaccinated individuals.
- Breakthrough infections led to hospitalization in 7.5% and death in 2.2% of cases.
- Vaccine effectiveness showed significant temporal differences between mRNA and Janssen vaccines.
- Older age, pre-existing conditions, and male sex were linked to severe outcomes.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes, though breakthrough infections can occur.
- Vaccine effectiveness may wane over time and differ between vaccine types.
- High-risk individuals should maintain protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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