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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

15
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
25
Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

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Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
24
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

27
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

22
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Understanding and managing cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis.

Georgia-Savina Moysidou1,2, Athanasia Dara3, Alexandra Arvanitaki4

  • 14th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon, University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|January 23, 2023
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Summary

Cardiac involvement is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc), often presenting late. Advanced imaging aids early detection and management of SSc heart disease, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiac diseaseimagingsystemic sclerosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Systemic Sclerosis

Background:

  • Cardiac involvement affects up to 80% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.
  • Primary myocardial dysfunction in SSc stems from microvascular impairment, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • Atherosclerosis prevalence in SSc remains debated.

Approach:

  • This review examines cardiac involvement in SSc, covering pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Emerging imaging techniques, particularly cardiac magnetic resonance, are discussed for their role in understanding mechanisms and diagnosing myocardial fibrosis.

Key Points:

  • Cardiac involvement in SSc, especially primary myocardial disease, poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
  • Clinical symptoms often appear late, correlating with advanced heart failure and poor prognosis.
  • Sophisticated imaging methods have improved understanding of SSc-related myocardial damage (microvasculopathy, inflammation, fibrosis).

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of subclinical heart involvement in high-risk SSc patients is crucial.
  • Diligent surveillance and prompt therapy, including cardioprotective/immunosuppressive drugs and interventions, can improve long-term outcomes.
  • Advanced imaging facilitates better understanding and management of cardiac complications in systemic sclerosis.