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Human antibody profiling technologies for autoimmune disease.

Lauren H Carlton1,2, Reuben McGregor3,4, Nicole J Moreland5,6

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. l.carlton@auckland.ac.nz.

Immunologic Research
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Human autoantigen profiling technologies help discover novel autoantigens in autoimmune diseases. Analyzing autoantibody specificity reveals individual differences, aiding in understanding disease and finding diagnostic biomarkers.

Keywords:
AutoantigensAutoimmune diseaseBiomarker discoveryEpitope spreadingPhIP-SeqProtein array

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases arise from failed self-tolerance, leading to autoantibodies against human antigens.
  • Autoantigen profiling technologies are crucial for discovering and mapping disease-associated autoantigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare human autoantigen profiling technologies.
  • To discuss their application in chronic and post-infectious autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight their role in understanding pathogenesis and biomarker discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human autoantigen profiling technologies.
  • Comparison of solid surface arrays and display technologies.
  • Analysis of recent studies utilizing these technologies across various autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Human autoantigen profiling technologies offer high-throughput discovery and mapping of autoantigens.
  • Significant heterogeneity in autoantibody specificity among individuals is a common finding.
  • Epitope spreading is suggested as a key mechanism in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Each autoantigen profiling technology has unique advantages and limitations.
  • Individual heterogeneity in autoantibody profiles underscores the importance of epitope spreading.
  • Targeted data analysis is essential for identifying public epitopes and antigens for diagnostic biomarker discovery.