The ethical dimensions of everyday alcohol and other drug work: An empirical ethics investigation

The complex and contentious nature of alcohol and other drug (AOD) clinical work affords the likelihood of significant ethical dimensions. However, little attention has been paid to clinicians' perspectives of ethics in their practice within AOD settings. This potentially neglects an important aspect of AOD clinical work.

We used an insider empirical ethics methodology, where the first author (DS) concurrently worked as an AOD clinician in the research setting. Participants were 30 experienced AOD clinicians, working within a large specialist AOD service in Victoria, Australia. We used three qualitative data collection methods: moral conversation, involving semi-structured interviews; moral participation, involving the first author reflecting on his own ethical practices; and participant-observation, involving observation of clinical meetings. We used Applied Thematic Analysis to analyse the data.

Although participants rarely used explicitly ethical language to describe their work, they described four ethical goals: helping clients to access AOD care and treatment; facilitating change in clients' lives; challenging stigma; and keeping people safe. We argue that these clinical goals should also be conceptualised as ethical goals.

Ethics is an integral component of everyday AOD work. Our findings had some overlap with established ethical principles. Participants demonstrated expertise in engaging with ethical dimensions, without using ethical language. Given the limited attention paid to ethics in AOD clinical settings, increasing the focus on ethics in everyday clinical practice is an important contribution to future AOD clinical work. Its absence negates important aspects of care for clients.