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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Structural abnormalities and osteopathic considerations in primary immunodeficiencies.

Marija J Rowane1, Meghan A Callahan2, Jason E Schend3

  • 1Pediatric Resident, Children's Hospital of St. Francis at Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA.

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
|January 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural abnormalities in primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) impact immune function by disrupting lymphatic flow. Osteopathic examination reveals somatic dysfunctions that may worsen immune status in PID patients.

Keywords:
PIK3R1neuromusculoskeletalosteopathic structural clinical examprimary immunodeficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Osteopathic manipulative medicine
  • Immunology
  • Skeletal biology

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are often associated with structural skeletal abnormalities, yet their impact on immune function remains understudied.
  • Osteopathic medicine principles suggest that somatic dysfunctions can impede lymphatic fluid circulation and disrupt the skeletal microenvironment, potentially affecting immune system health.

Approach:

  • A standardized osteopathic structural clinical examination (OSCE) was performed on a patient with a PIK3R1 mutation presenting with skeletal abnormalities.
  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify other PIDs with associated structural irregularities.
  • Findings were meticulously documented, noting severity, tissue texture changes, asymmetry, range of motion limitations, and tenderness using the DO-Touch.NET form.

Key Points:

  • The patient exhibited specific somatic dysfunctions, including cranial strain patterns, temporomandibular joint issues, thoracolumbar restrictions, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, and knee valgus.
  • Literature review confirmed that skeletal abnormalities are present in various PIDs beyond PIK3R1 mutations.
  • Skeletal irregularities in PIDs may exacerbate immune deficiencies by impeding lymphatic flow and altering the bone marrow microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first detailed osteopathic examination of somatic dysfunction in a PID patient.
  • Somatic dysfunctions in PIDs can negatively impact immune responses by hindering lymphatic circulation.
  • Future research should incorporate thorough osteopathic examinations to assess and address structural issues in PID patients, potentially improving immune function.