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Age-dependent genetic variation in aggression.

Jennifer A Fortunato1, Ryan L Earley1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 1325 Hackberry Lane, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.

Biology Letters
|January 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Juvenile aggression shows genetic influence and evolves faster via natural selection than adult aggression. Behavioral change trajectories across the lifespan also have evolutionary potential.

Keywords:
Kryptolebias marmoratusbehaviourheritabilityrepeatabilityrivulus

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Evolutionary Genetics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic and environmental basis of behavioral variation is crucial for predicting evolutionary responses to selection.
  • The contribution of genetic versus environmental factors to phenotypic variation can change throughout an organism's lifespan (ontogeny).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how genetic and individual variation in aggression changes across ontogeny (juvenile and adult stages).
  • To determine the heritability and repeatability of aggression at different life stages.
  • To assess if the evolution of aggression and its developmental trajectory is possible.

Main Methods:

  • Measured aggression (approaches and attacks) in eight genotypes (N=64) twice as juveniles and twice as adults.
  • Utilized a standardized three-dimensional-printed model opponent for aggression assays.
  • Analyzed among-individual and among-genotype variation in aggression across ontogeny.

Main Results:

  • Aggression was repeatable and heritable only in the juvenile stage.
  • Significant variation existed among individuals and genotypes in how aggression changed from juvenile to adult stages.
  • Heritability and repeatability of aggression differed between juvenile and adult stages.

Conclusions:

  • Juvenile aggression is more likely to evolve via natural selection compared to adult aggression.
  • The developmental trajectory of aggression across the lifespan is itself subject to evolutionary change.
  • Identifying life-history stages with significant genetic variation is key to understanding rapid evolutionary responses.