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The mechanisms of gastric mucosal injury: focus on initial chief cell loss as a key target

Zilin Deng1, Jiaxing Zhu1, Zhiyuan Ma1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.

Cell Death Discovery
|January 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Initial chief cell loss can trigger diffuse gastric mucosal injury, including precancerous lesions like spasmolytic polypeptide expression metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia (IM), ultimately leading to gastric cancer (GC). This research explores models of chief cell loss in gastric injury.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Diffuse gastric mucosal injury involves precancerous lesions: spasmolytic polypeptide expression metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia (IM).
  • Previous research focused on parietal cell loss inducing SPEM via chief cell transdifferentiation.
  • The role of initial chief cell loss in initiating these changes was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether initial chief cell loss is sufficient to induce gastric mucosal injury.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which chief cell loss leads to SPEM and IM.
  • To present models explaining gastric mucosal injury development originating from chief cell loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature and experimental models.
  • Analysis of evidence linking chief cell loss to SPEM and IM.
  • Summarization of two primary models of gastric mucosal injury initiated by chief cell loss.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates initial chief cell loss is sufficient to induce gastric mucosal injury.
  • This injury includes the development of SPEM and IM, considered precancerous lesions.
  • Chief cell loss can ultimately contribute to the development of gastric cancer (GC).

Conclusions:

  • Initial chief cell loss is a critical factor in initiating diffuse gastric mucosal injury.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers new perspectives for preventing and treating gastric cancer.
  • The study provides a framework for future research into gastric mucosal injury and carcinogenesis.

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