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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

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Home Alone: Widows' Well-Being and Time.

Maja Adena¹, Daniel Hamermesh^2,3,4, Michał Myck^5,6,3

¹Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), 10785 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Happiness Studies

|January 25, 2023

Summary

Widowhood significantly decreases well-being and life satisfaction for older women, with a slow recovery over five years. Increased time spent alone is the primary driver of this decline.

Keywords:

Social networks Time use Well-being Widowhood

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Sociology
Psychology

Background:

Widowhood is a significant life event impacting older adults' well-being.
Previous research has not fully explored the role of time use in widowhood's effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine differences in well-being between widowed and partnered older women.
To analyze the development of well-being during widowhood, considering time use.
To identify moderators of widowhood's impact on mental health and life satisfaction.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and time-use diaries.
Compared widowed women with matched non-widowed 'statistical twins'.
Analyzed data from Poland, the U.S., the U.K., and France.

Main Results:

A significant decrease in mental health and life satisfaction was observed post-widowhood.
A slow, partial recovery in well-being occurred over approximately five years.
Increased time spent alone was identified as the key factor in reduced well-being.

Conclusions:

Widowhood leads to a substantial decline in older women's well-being, primarily due to increased solitude.
Time use, specifically increased alone time, is a critical, previously understudied factor in widowhood's impact.
Interventions aimed at reducing social isolation may mitigate negative well-being effects of widowhood.