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Related Concept Videos

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid Autoimmunity in Vitiligo: A Case-Control Study.

Praveen Prashant1, Renu Garg2, Piyush Bansal2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND.

Cureus
|January 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found higher levels of thyroid antibodies, including anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), in vitiligo patients compared to controls. Early screening for autoimmune thyroid disease in vitiligo patients is recommended.

Keywords:
anti-tganti-thyroglobulin antibodyanti-thyroid peroxidaseanti-tpoautoimmunitycase-control studiesthyroidthyroid antibodiesvitiligo

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on autoimmunity in vitiligo, particularly in Asian populations, with conflicting prior study results.
  • Autoimmune conditions often coexist, necessitating investigation into potential links between vitiligo and other autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid autoimmunity and vitiligo in a North Indian population.
  • To compare thyroid antibody levels in vitiligo patients versus a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study was conducted with 30 vitiligo patients and a control group.
  • Thyroid function tests (FT3, FT4, TSH) and autoantibodies (anti-TPO, anti-TG) were measured in all participants.

Main Results:

  • Vitiligo patients exhibited significantly higher mean levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibodies compared to the control group.
  • No significant differences were noted in socio-demographic variables between the case and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • Vitiligo is significantly associated with elevated thyroid autoantibodies, suggesting a potential autoimmune link.
  • Screening for autoimmune thyroid diseases in vitiligo patients is advised for timely diagnosis and intervention.