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Chronic low-level JUUL aerosol exposure causes pulmonary immunologic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes
Terek Been1,2, Bayan Alakhtar3, Hussein Traboulsi2
1Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Summary
E-cigarette use, specifically JUUL, can cause significant cellular and molecular changes in the lungs. Preclinical studies show JUUL aerosol exposure increases inflammatory cells and alters biological pathways in mouse lungs.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary toxicology
- E-cigarette research
- Preclinical models
Background:
- Public opinion on e-cigarettes is divided regarding smoking cessation benefits versus health risks.
- Long-term human health effects of e-cigarette use are not yet fully understood due to their recent market entry.
- Preclinical studies are crucial for investigating the health impacts of e-cigarette exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of chronic, low-level JUUL aerosol exposure on lung health outcomes in mice.
- To assess inflammatory markers, cellular changes, and molecular pathways in the lungs following e-cigarette exposure.
Main Methods:
- Mice were exposed daily for 4 weeks to JUUL aerosol, room air, or PG/VG.
- Inflammatory markers were analyzed using qRT-PCR, multiplex cytokine assays, and differential cell counts.
- Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, including extracellular vesicle protein analysis, were performed on lung lavage samples.
Main Results:
- JUUL aerosol exposure led to increased neutrophil and lymphocyte populations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
- Some changes in cytokine mRNA expression were observed, but BAL cytokines did not significantly change.
- Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed significant alterations in pathways like neutrophil degranulation, PPAR signaling, and xenobiotic metabolism.
Conclusions:
- E-cigarettes, exemplified by JUUL, are not inert and can induce significant cellular and molecular changes in the lungs.
- Findings suggest potential adverse pulmonary effects from chronic e-cigarette use, necessitating further research into their long-term health consequences.
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