Inflammatory cell death: how macrophages sense neighbouring cell infection and damage
Xiaohui Wang1, Larisa I Labzin1
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Abstract:
Programmed cell death is a critical host defence strategy during viral infection. Neighbouring cells deal with this death in distinct ways depending on how the infected cell dies. While apoptosis is considered immunologically silent, the lytic pathways of necroptosis and pyroptosis trigger inflammatory responses by releasing inflammatory host molecules. All these pathways have been implicated in influenza A virus infection. Here, we review how cells sense neighbouring infection and death and how sensing shapes ensuing inflammatory responses.
Insights
Programmed cell death is key in viral defense. How neighboring cells respond to infected cell death, like apoptosis, necroptosis, or pyroptosis, shapes inflammation during influenza A virus infection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Programmed cell death is a crucial host defense mechanism against viral infections.
- Different cell death pathways (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis) elicit distinct responses from neighboring cells.
- Influenza A virus infection involves multiple programmed cell death pathways.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on how cells detect neighboring infection and death.
- It examines the mechanisms by which sensing cell death influences subsequent inflammatory responses.
- The focus is on the interplay between viral infection and host cell death signaling.
Key Points:
- Apoptosis is generally immunologically silent, while necroptosis and pyroptosis are inflammatory.
- Lytic cell death pathways release inflammatory host molecules, alerting the immune system.
- Sensing of infected and dying neighboring cells dictates the nature and intensity of the inflammatory cascade.
Conclusions:
- Cellular sensing of infection and death is critical for modulating inflammatory responses.
- Understanding these pathways is vital for controlling viral infections like influenza A.
- Distinct cell death modalities lead to varied inflammatory signals impacting host defense.
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