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Soft Hydroxyapatite Composites Based on Triazine-Trione Systems as Potential Biomedical Engineering Frameworks.

Jinjian Lin1, Yanmiao Fan1, Daniel J Hutchinson1

  • 1School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, StockholmSE-100 44, Sweden.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New triazine-trione (TATO) monomers create softer hydroxyapatite (HA) composites for bone fracture fixation. These advanced materials offer tunable mechanical properties and improved flexibility for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitybiomedical engineeringsoft hydroxyapatite compositesthiol−ene and thiol−yne materialstriazine−trione materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

  • Triazine-trione (TATO) thiol-ene networks with hydroxyapatite (HA) show promise for bone fracture fixation due to mechanical strength and biocompatibility.
  • Rigid properties of existing TATO-HA composites limit their application in areas requiring flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel TATO monomers to create TATO-HA composites with a range of mechanical properties, particularly enhanced softness.
  • To explore the formulation and properties of these new soft composites for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four novel TATO-based monomers with ester/amide linkages and alkene/alkyne end groups via fluoride-promoted esterification (FPE).
  • Formulation of ester-modified monomers with tris [2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (TEMPIC) and HA.
  • Photo-initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC) or thiol-yne coupling (TYC) to create soft composites.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel TATO monomers and formulation of soft TATO-HA composites.
  • The most promising composite exhibited a flexural modulus of 57 (2) MPa and strain at failure of 11.8 (0.3)%, significantly softer than previous systems.
  • Composites demonstrated surgically convenient viscosity and excellent cytotoxicity profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Novel TATO monomers enable the development of significantly softer TATO-HA composites with tunable mechanical properties.
  • These soft composites are suitable for biomedical applications, including the fabrication of complex shapes via drop-casting.
  • The improved mechanical range broadens the potential use of TATO-HA materials in orthopedic fixation and beyond.