Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.4K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.4K
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

1.4K

Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
1.4K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

12.6K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
12.6K
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

4.0K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
4.0K
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers

1.1K
Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
1.1K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.6K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Forgotten Gangliosides: <i>O</i>-Acetylated and Lactone Gangliosides.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

The Involvement of Ceramide, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Ganglioside GM1 in Regulating Some Nervous System Functions.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

GM1 Oligosaccharide Modulates Microglial Activation and α-Synuclein Clearance in a Human In Vitro Model.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Effects of GM1 ganglioside and its derivatives on ETI-rescued F508del-CFTR maturation and host-pathogen interactions in cystic fibrosis bronchial cells.

Glycoconjugate journal·2025
Same author

GM1 oligosaccharide-mediated rescue in GBA-linked Parkinson's disease via modulation of lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Glycoconjugate journal·2025
Same author

Metabolic and Structural Consequences of GM3 Synthase Deficiency: Insights from an HEK293-T Knockout Model.

Biomedicines·2025
Same journal

Correction to: Alpha-Gal syndrome unveiled: decoding the glycan-driven red meat allergy.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
Same journal

Mechanistic and functional integration of sirtuin deacylases: from substrate specificity to biological outcomes.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
Same journal

Macrophage modulation accounts for the anti-inflammatory effect of Hypnea cervicornis agglutinin in rat arthritis induced by zymosan.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
Same journal

Nucleolar-localized sialidase Neu4 suppresses cell proliferation through destabilizing c-Myc via interacting with ribosomal proteins L5 and L11.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
Same journal

3'-sialyllactose inhibits the migration and invasion of LPS-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells through inactivation of the NF-<sub>K</sub>B signaling pathway.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
Same journal

Mechanism analysis of transgene expression induced by chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles in CD44v9/RHAMM co-expressed gastric cancer cells: contribution of hyaluronic acid to RHAMM-mediated intracellular transport.

Glycoconjugate journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling
10:05

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.7K

Alkali-labile gangliosides.

Laura Mauri1, Sandro Sonnino2

  • 1Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Mi, Italy. laura.mauri@unimi.it.

Glycoconjugate Journal
|January 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild alkaline treatment reveals modified gangliosides, including N-acetyneuraminic acid with O-acetylation and sialic acid lactones. These findings suggest novel roles for gangliosides in cell signaling and brain function.

More Related Videos

Sublimation of DAN Matrix for the Detection and Visualization of Gangliosides in Rat Brain Tissue for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
08:36

Sublimation of DAN Matrix for the Detection and Visualization of Gangliosides in Rat Brain Tissue for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 23, 2017

11.0K
Preparation of CD4+ T Cells for Analysis of GD3 and GD2 Ganglioside Membrane Expression by Microscopy
10:00

Preparation of CD4+ T Cells for Analysis of GD3 and GD2 Ganglioside Membrane Expression by Microscopy

Published on: November 8, 2016

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling
10:05

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.7K
Sublimation of DAN Matrix for the Detection and Visualization of Gangliosides in Rat Brain Tissue for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
08:36

Sublimation of DAN Matrix for the Detection and Visualization of Gangliosides in Rat Brain Tissue for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 23, 2017

11.0K
Preparation of CD4+ T Cells for Analysis of GD3 and GD2 Ganglioside Membrane Expression by Microscopy
10:00

Preparation of CD4+ T Cells for Analysis of GD3 and GD2 Ganglioside Membrane Expression by Microscopy

Published on: November 8, 2016

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Gangliosides are crucial glycosphingolipids involved in cell recognition and signaling.
  • Mild alkaline treatment can modify ganglioside structures, potentially altering their biological functions.
  • Understanding these modifications is key to deciphering complex cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and properties of gangliosides modified by mild alkaline treatment.
  • To identify and characterize gangliosides with O-acetylated N-acetyneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) and sialic acid lactones.
  • To explore the potential biochemical roles of these modified gangliosides in cell signaling and brain function.

Main Methods:

  • Mild alkaline treatment of gangliosides.
  • Structural analysis of modified gangliosides.
  • Biochemical data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of gangliosides containing N-acetyneuraminic acid O-acetylated at position 9 (Neu5,9Ac2).
  • Identification of gangliosides with sialic acid forming a lactone ring.
  • Biochemical data supporting the occurrence of these modified structures.

Conclusions:

  • Mild alkaline treatment yields unique ganglioside structures with potential biological relevance.
  • Modified gangliosides, particularly Neu5,9Ac2 and sialic acid lactones, may play significant roles in cell signaling pathways.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the functional diversity of gangliosides in maintaining brain functions.