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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.1K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.1K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
506
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

442
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
442
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

1.0K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
1.0K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

588
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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Constructing functional metal-organic frameworks by ligand design for environmental applications.

Qian Sun1, Lei Qin1, Cui Lai1

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|January 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review explores ligand design strategies for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It details single, dual, and multi-ligand approaches for enhancing MOF performance in environmental applications like sensing and remediation.

Keywords:
Ligand designMetal-organic frameworksPollutant degradationPollutant sensingPollutant separation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique properties like high porosity and large surface area.
  • MOFs are synthesized from metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, finding applications in sensing and remediation.
  • Organic ligands critically influence MOF performance, making ligand design a key synthesis challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review ligand design strategies for functional MOFs.
  • To systematically present single-, dual-, and multi-ligand approaches.
  • To highlight recent advances in MOFs for environmental applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MOF ligand design.
  • Systematic presentation of single, dual, and multi-ligand strategies.
  • Analysis of MOF applications in pollutant sensing, separation, and degradation.

Main Results:

  • Ligand design significantly impacts MOF functionality and performance.
  • Single, dual, and multi-ligand strategies offer distinct advantages.
  • Functional MOFs show promise in environmental sensing, separation, and degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand selection is crucial for optimizing MOF properties.
  • Advanced ligand design can enhance MOF utility in environmental remediation.
  • Future research should focus on innovative approaches to overcome current limitations.