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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Oncology
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are aggressive, with breast cancer (BC) being the second most frequent primary site.
  • Advancements in MRI may lead to earlier ISCM diagnosis and improved survival for BC patients.
  • This review aims to guide the management of BC-related ISCM.

Approach:

  • Systematic literature search and screening of 574 articles.
  • Inclusion of 44 studies evaluating 123 patients with ISCM from BC.
  • Data extraction included patient demographics, ISCM characteristics, treatments, and outcomes.

Key Points:

  • The study analyzed 123 patients with ISCM from BC, with a mean age of 53.2 years.
  • The majority of patients (122) were female.
  • ISCM from BC demonstrate a more favorable prognosis compared to lung metastases.

Conclusions:

  • BC-related ISCM have a better prognosis than lung metastases.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt multidisciplinary treatment are achievable with modern imaging and surgical techniques.
  • Prospective studies are needed to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines for ISCM.