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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Non-task expert physicians benefit from correct explainable AI advice when reviewing X-rays.

Susanne Gaube1,2, Harini Suresh3, Martina Raue4

  • 1LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. susanne.gaube@psy.lmu.de.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) clinical advice improved physician accuracy, especially when annotated. AI advice was rated higher than human advice, benefiting non-experts most.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Clinical Decision Support Systems
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used for clinical advice.
  • The effect of AI-generated advice on physician decision-making requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of AI-generated clinical advice on physician diagnostic accuracy, advice quality ratings, and confidence.
  • To examine the influence of visual annotations and source labeling (AI vs. human) on these outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Physicians diagnosed X-rays with AI-generated advice, with or without visual annotations.
  • Advice was labeled as AI or human-generated.
  • Participants rated advice quality and their diagnostic confidence.

Main Results:

  • Annotated AI advice led to the highest diagnostic accuracy.
  • Physicians rated AI advice quality higher than human advice.
  • Non-experts showed significant improvement with explainable AI advice.

Conclusions:

  • AI-generated clinical advice, particularly when annotated and explainable, can enhance physician diagnostic performance.
  • The findings suggest careful consideration for integrating AI into clinical workflows to optimize diagnostic support.