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X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

LED-pump-X-ray-multiprobe crystallography for sub-second timescales.

Lauren E Hatcher^1,2, Mark R Warren³, Jonathan M Skelton^1,4

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

Communications Chemistry

|January 25, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new pump-multiprobe single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique. It enables real-time visualization of solid-state chemical processes with millisecond-to-minute lifetimes.

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Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

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Published on: February 28, 2019

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$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

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Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Solid-state chemistry
Materials science
Crystallography

Background:

Visualizing solid-state chemical processes is crucial for designing new functional materials.
Monitoring these processes across various timescales in real-time presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a novel pump-multiprobe single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique.
To enable the study of photoexcited solid-state species with millisecond-to-minute lifetimes.

Main Methods:

Utilized pulsed LEDs for excitation and a synchronized gated X-ray detector for data collection.
Achieved sub-second time resolution for 3D structure determination.
Implemented precise control over pump-multiprobe sequencing and variable LED parameters for tailored experiments.

Main Results:

Successfully visualized variable-temperature kinetics of photo-activated linkage isomerism in single crystals.
Demonstrated the technique's applicability to following Bragg reflections using a Timepix3 detector.
Showcased the method's capability to study processes on millisecond and slower timescales.

Conclusions:

The developed pump-multiprobe SCXRD technique offers a powerful new approach for studying transient solid-state phenomena.
This method overcomes limitations of existing techniques for observing slow chemical dynamics.
It is applicable to a broad range of physical and biological processes occurring on millisecond timescales and beyond.