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Acanthosis Nigricans: An Updated Review.

Alexander K C Leung¹, Joseph M Lam², Benjamin Barankin³

¹Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Current Pediatric Reviews

|January 26, 2023

Summary

Early recognition of acanthosis nigricans is crucial as it can signal underlying health issues, including malignancy. Treatment focuses on the cause, though complete cures are challenging.

Keywords:

Acanthosis nigricans chemical peels hyperpigmentation insulin resistance keratolytics.obesity retinoids vitamin D analogs

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Endocrinology
Pediatrics

Background:

Acanthosis nigricans presents as velvety, hyperpigmented plaques, often in skin folds.
It is frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents.
Early detection is vital as it can indicate systemic disorders or internal malignancy.

Approach:

A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed Clinical Queries with the keyword "acanthosis nigricans".
The review included clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published in English within the last 10 years.
Information was synthesized to provide an overview of clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management.

Key Points:

Obesity is the most common cause, highlighting its role as a marker for insulin resistance.
Management involves addressing the underlying cause, such as weight reduction or treating endocrinopathies.
Topical treatments like retinoids and keratolytics are used for localized lesions; systemic therapy is reserved for extensive cases.

Conclusions:

Acanthosis nigricans diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on characteristic skin lesions and locations.
While treatable, complete resolution can be difficult; addressing the root cause is key to preventing recurrence.
Clinicians must be aware of acanthosis nigricans' signs and its association with serious underlying conditions.