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Published on: January 28, 2020
Hematological parameters and early-onset coronary artery disease: a retrospective case-control study based on 3366
Huan Wang1, Hui Li1, Yan Wang2
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Insights
Hematological parameters like basophil and eosinophil percentages are significantly altered in early coronary atherosclerotic disease (EOCAD). Specific red blood cell and platelet parameters also correlate with EOCAD presence, offering potential risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hematology
- Clinical Pathology
Background:
- Thrombosis and inflammation are key drivers in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
- Hematological parameters provide insights into inflammatory and coagulation processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between hematological parameters and early coronary atherosclerotic disease (EOCAD).
- To identify specific hematological risk factors for EOCAD.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study involving 1693 EOCAD patients and 1693 controls.
- Analysis of hematological parameters using an automated analyzer.
Main Results:
- Reduced basophil and eosinophil percentages were observed in EOCAD patients compared to controls.
- Significant differences in lymphocyte percentages were noted among EOCAD, myocardial infarction (MI), and control groups.
- Red blood cell parameters (RDW, HCT, RBC count, MCHC, MCV, hemoglobin) and platelet volume distribution width (PDW) were associated with EOCAD prevalence.
Conclusions:
- Hematological parameters are strongly linked to EOCAD.
- Leukocyte parameters correlate with EOCAD presence and severity.
- Erythrocyte parameters are associated with EOCAD presence, while PDW relates to disease presence.
Background:
Thrombosis and inflammation are crucial elements in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Hematological parameters elucidate information involving the inflammatory and blood coagulation processes.
Objectives:
The current study explored the association of hematological parameters with EOCAD to identify specific risk factors.
Design:
A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted with 1693 coronary artery disease patients and 1693 controls.
Methods:
Hematological parameters were examined through an automated analyzer.
Results:
The basophil percentage was significantly reduced in EOCAD (0.43 ± 0.26, p < 0.001) and MI (0.33 ± 0.24, p < 0.001) groups compared with controls (0.54 ± 0.28). The eosinophil percentage was also significantly lower in EOCAD (2.21 ± 1.71, p < 0.001) and MI (1.71 ± 2.44, p < 0.001) groups compared with controls (2.41 ± 1.75). The lymphocyte percentage in patients of EOCAD and MI and controls was 31.65 ± 7.93, 25.48 ± 9.43, and 34.82 ± 7.28, respectively. A significant difference was observed among the groups (p < 0.001). Except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), other red blood cell (RBC) parameters significantly differed between EOCAD patients and controls. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hematocrit (HCT), RBC count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and hemoglobin level were associated with EOCAD prevalence after adjusting for baseline differences. Platelet volume distribution width (PDW) also correlated with EOCAD prevalence (ORadjust = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.044-1.131).
Conclusions:
Hematological parameters are closely associated with EOCAD. Moreover, leukocyte parameters correlated with the presence and severity of the disease. In addition, erythrocyte parameters were associated with the disease presence but not with the disease severity. Among the platelet parameters, only PDW was related to the disease presence.
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