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Platelets and endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Paola Valero1,2, Marcelo Cornejo1,2,3,4, Gonzalo Fuentes1,2,3

  • 1Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|January 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to increased obesity and vascular dysfunction. This review explores how altered platelets contribute to fetoplacental vascular issues in GDM, impacting fetal development.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusendotheliumgestational diabetesplateletpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is rising, coinciding with increased maternal obesity.
  • GDM causes vascular dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit, affecting nutrient transfer and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Endothelial dysfunction in GDM is recognized, but the role of other cells, like platelets, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on platelet alterations in GDM.
  • To investigate the link between platelet characteristics and GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction.
  • To propose a connection between platelet function, placental development, and fetoplacental vascular dysfunction in GDM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating GDM, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet parameters.
  • Synthesis of evidence on platelet volume, mass, reactivity, and function in GDM.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms linking platelets to fetoplacental vascular pathology.

Main Results:

  • Several studies suggest a relationship between platelet volume/mass and GDM.
  • Platelet roles and signaling pathways in GDM-induced endothelial dysfunction remain unclear.
  • Altered platelet quantity, size, and function may impact placental development and fetoplacental vasculature.

Conclusions:

  • Platelets are implicated in GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific platelet mechanisms in GDM.
  • Understanding platelet involvement could offer new insights into managing GDM complications.