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Exocrine Proteins Including Trypsin(ogen) as a Key Biomarker in Type 1 Diabetes
Lilianna Bakinowska1, Tanwi Vartak2, Thato Phuthego1
1Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
Diabetes Care
|January 26, 2023
Summary
Proteomic profiling revealed lower trypsinogen levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes, even before onset. This finding in monozygotic (MZ) twins suggests altered exocrine function is linked to type 1 diabetes development.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Proteomics
- Twin Studies
Background:
- Proteomic profiling offers a method for identifying potential biomarkers.
- Monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for a condition are an ideal population for studying disease-specific changes.
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves complex interactions that are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and validate proteomic profiling in twins with T1D.
- To identify protein biomarkers associated with T1D development and progression.
- To explore the role of exocrine function in T1D.
Main Methods:
- Multiplex proteomic analysis of 4,068 proteins in serum from MZ twins (concordant and discordant for T1D).
- Validation of trypsinogen levels using assays in multiple cohorts, including T1D patients, at-risk relatives, and controls.
- Statistical analysis including correlation, regression, and comparison between groups.
Main Results:
- Proteomic analysis revealed significant differences in exocrine enzyme levels between discordant MZ twins.
- Lower trypsinogen levels were observed in individuals with T1D compared to their co-twins without diabetes and healthy controls.
- Low trypsinogen levels (<15 ng/mL) in at-risk relatives were associated with an increased risk of T1D progression.
Conclusions:
- Type 1 diabetes is associated with altered exocrine function, detectable even before clinical onset.
- Twin data indicate the influence of both genetic and non-genetic factors in T1D.
- Exocrine-endocrine interactions represent a significant, understudied area in T1D research.
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