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Recent Developments in Vestibular Migraine: A Narrative Review.

Tania Benjamin1, Adam Gardi1, Jeffrey D Sharon1

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Summary

Vestibular migraine (VM) affects 2.7% of people, causing vertigo and dizziness. While treatments show promise, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness for this common condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Vestibular migraine (VM) is an increasingly recognized neurological disorder affecting approximately 2.7% of the population.
  • Patients present with vestibular symptoms like vertigo and imbalance, which may occur independently or alongside other migraine features.
  • Emerging research indicates a heightened risk of cochlear dysfunction, including sudden deafness, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus, in individuals with VM.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment of VM.
  • It examines the genetic and heritability aspects, with potential involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide in pathogenesis.
  • The development and validation of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure, the Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory, are highlighted.

Key Points:

  • VM is a prevalent cause of vertigo and dizziness, characterized by a distinct symptom profile.
  • The underlying heritability and genetic factors of VM require further investigation.
  • A validated patient assessment tool is now available for measuring the impact of VM.

Conclusions:

  • Vestibular migraine is a significant etiological factor for vertigo and dizziness.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests that established migraine therapies may offer benefits for some VM patients.
  • Further controlled trials are essential to establish the efficacy of current migraine treatments for VM.