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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
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Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis.

C Tsagkas^1,2, A Horvath-Huck³, T Haas⁴

¹From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering charidimos.tsagkas@usb.ch.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|January 26, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new automatic method, SCORE, accurately quantifies spinal cord compartments in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This tool reveals reduced white matter and anterior horn areas in MS patients, potentially serving as new biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Medical image analysis
Quantitative MRI

Background:

Accurate quantification of spinal cord gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) is crucial for understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology in vivo.
Current methods for spinal cord compartment segmentation are often manual and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel, fully automatic method for spinal cord compartment segmentation (SCORE) in patients with MS.
To assess the reproducibility and accuracy of SCORE compared to manual segmentation.

Main Methods:

Developed SCORE, a neural network-based segmentation method using multidimensional gated recurrent units.
Trained SCORE using manual segmentations from 24 MS patients and 24 healthy controls.
Validated SCORE's performance using 3-fold cross-validation and compared results with manual segmentations and FreeSurfer for total intracranial volume.

Main Results:

SCORE demonstrated high intra- and intersession reproducibility for all spinal cord compartments (e.g., GM: ≤3.50% SD, WM: ≤1.47% SD), outperforming manual segmentation (P < .001).
Excellent accuracy was achieved, with Dice similarity coefficients for GM and WM ≥0.84 and ≥0.92, respectively.
Patients with MS showed significantly lower total white matter (P < .05) and anterior horn areas (P < .01) compared to controls, as measured by SCORE.

Conclusions:

SCORE is a novel, reliable, and automatic method for spinal cord tissue segmentation in healthy individuals and MS patients.
Reduced spinal cord tissue compartment areas in MS patients, identified by SCORE, may serve as valuable biomarkers for the disease.