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Changes in hemodynamic response function components reveal specific changes in neurovascular coupling in type 2

João Valente Duarte1,2,3, Catarina Guerra1, Carolina Moreno4

  • 1Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Frontiers in Physiology
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) impairs brain function by altering hemodynamic response functions (HRF). This study demonstrates widespread, sluggish HRF changes in T2DM patients, impacting neurovascular coupling and cognitive health.

Keywords:
BOLD signalbrain imagingcerebral hemodynamicsdiabetesfMRIhemodynamic response functionneurovascular coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is linked to vascular complications and neurophysiological changes, potentially causing cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • Early detection of neurovascular coupling deficits is crucial for understanding T2DM's impact on brain function.
  • Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a method to study neurovascular coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize alterations in the hemodynamic response function (HRF) in individuals with T2DM.
  • To investigate changes in HRF morphology across different brain regions in T2DM.
  • To probe specific components of the HRF, from the initial dip to the late undershoot.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in 141 participants (64 with T2DM, 77 healthy controls).
  • Participants performed a visual motion discrimination task to elicit brain responses.
  • Key HRF parameters (latency, amplitude, slope, area under the curve, initial dip, undershoot) were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significantly altered HRFs were observed across all brain regions in T2DM patients, indicating a general phenomenon.
  • T2DM patients exhibited a more sluggish HRF with higher peak latency, lower peak amplitude, reduced slope and area under the curve.
  • A pronounced initial dip and an absent/attenuated but prolonged undershoot were noted in T2DM, alongside increased HRF parameter variability.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides definitive evidence of impaired HRF in early-stage T2DM, supporting previous findings of disrupted neurovascular coupling.
  • Quantitative HRF alterations in distinct phases suggest specific physiological mechanism changes in T2DM-related neurovascular coupling.
  • Understanding these HRF changes is vital for developing strategies to prevent cognitive decline in T2DM.