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Related Concept Videos

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Aging alters across-hemisphere cortical dynamics during binaural temporal processing.

Ann Clock Eddins1,2, Erol J Ozmeral1, David A Eddins1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.

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Summary

Advancing age alters how the brain processes sound location cues. Older adults show reduced hemispheric asymmetry in interaural time difference (ITD) encoding, despite larger overall brain responses.

Keywords:
binaural interaction componentcortical auditory evoked potentialselectrophysiologyhemispheric asymmetryinteraural time difference

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Binaural cues (differences in sound timing and intensity at each ear) are crucial for sound localization and segregation.
  • Neural encoding of binaural cues is typically asymmetric in the cortex, with stronger contralateral activation.
  • Aging degrades binaural cue perception, but its effect on neural encoding is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in the hemispheric distribution of interaural time difference (ITD) encoding.
  • To examine how aging affects cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and binaural interaction component (BIC) measures.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity in ten younger and ten older normal-hearing adults.
  • Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and binaural interaction component (BIC) measures were analyzed at sensor and source levels.
  • Hemispheric asymmetry in ITD processing was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited significantly larger global field power for CAEP and BIC compared to younger adults.
  • Younger adults showed expected contralateral hemispheric asymmetry for ITD processing.
  • Older adults displayed reduced hemispheric asymmetry in ITD encoding, despite larger overall responses.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing age alters the neural dynamics of binaural temporal processing across hemispheres.
  • Reduced cortical asymmetry in older adults suggests a compensatory mechanism or degradation in neural processing of ITDs.
  • These findings highlight age-dependent changes in the brain's representation of spatial auditory information.