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Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Personalized transcranial alternating current stimulation improves sleep quality: Initial findings.

V Ayanampudi1, V Kumar1, A Krishnan1

  • 1StimScience Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Personalized transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) significantly improved sleep duration and reduced the time to fall asleep. This non-invasive brain stimulation offers a promising alternative for sleep optimization, especially for individuals with insomnia.

Keywords:
EEGpersonalizationsleep qualitystimulationtACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Insufficient sleep is a significant public health concern linked to numerous chronic diseases and mental health issues.
  • Existing pharmacological treatments for sleep difficulties carry risks, necessitating the exploration of alternative interventions.
  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation technique with potential for sleep optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of tACS in improving sleep quality and quantity.
  • To compare a personalized tACS approach with a fixed stimulation protocol and a sham control condition.
  • To evaluate the potential of tACS as a therapeutic intervention for sleep difficulties, including insomnia.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects, randomized crossover design involving 25 participants (mean age 46.3 years).
  • Two active tACS conditions (fixed 5/10 Hz and personalized peak EEG frequencies) and a null-stimulation control condition were administered.
  • tACS was applied for 15 minutes pre-sleep, targeting theta/alpha frequency bands to modulate neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Personalized tACS significantly increased sleep duration by 22 minutes compared to the control condition (p=0.04) and 19 minutes compared to fixed tACS (p=0.03).
  • Personalized tACS reduced sleep onset time by 28% (6 minutes faster) compared to fixed tACS (p=0.02).
  • In a subgroup with insomnia, personalized tACS improved sleep duration by 33 minutes versus fixed tACS (p=0.02) and 30 minutes versus control (p<0.1).

Conclusions:

  • Personalized tACS demonstrates a significant benefit in improving sleep quantity and reducing sleep onset latency.
  • The findings support personalized tACS as a viable non-invasive therapeutic strategy for enhancing sleep.
  • Further large-scale trials are warranted to establish personalized tACS for treating sleep disorders like insomnia.