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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

A Maxillary Second Premolar with Four Canals: A Case Report.

Kasra Karamifar^1,2, Afsoon Tondari³

¹Sector of Angiogenesis Regenerative Medicine, Dr.Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, NJ, USA.

Iranian Endodontic Journal

|January 27, 2023

Summary

Root canal treatment can be challenging due to unexpected extra canals. This case found four canals in a maxillary second premolar, emphasizing the need for magnification in endodontics.

Keywords:

Anatomical Variations Dental Operating Microscope Maxillary Second Premolar

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Dental Anatomy
Radiology

Background:

Root canal treatment success depends on understanding tooth anatomy.
Variations in root canal morphology present challenges for clinicians.
Maxillary second premolars typically have predictable anatomy, but variations exist.

Observation:

A 33-year-old male patient required retreatment for a maxillary second premolar.
Initial radiographs showed previous substandard endodontic treatment.
The retreatment was performed using an operating microscope.

Findings:

Four root canals were discovered during the retreatment, a rare occurrence.
This finding represents a significant deviation from typical maxillary second premolar anatomy.
The presence of multiple canals underscores the complexity of endodontic cases.

Implications:

Magnification, particularly operating microscopes, is crucial for identifying complex root canal anatomy.
This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnosis and treatment planning in endodontics.
Such anatomical variations necessitate advanced techniques for successful root canal therapy.