Bladder cancer-associated microbiota: Recent advances and future perspectives

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Microbiology
• Oncology

Background:

• The genitourinary microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in urological tumors, particularly bladder cancer (BC).
• Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is a standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
• Limited research exists on the genitourinary microbiome's interaction with BC compared to gut microbiota and gastrointestinal cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the genitourinary microbiome and bladder cancer.
• To highlight methodologies, findings, and limitations in this field.
• To emphasize the need for further investigation into the microbiome's impact on BC.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the genitourinary microbiome in bladder cancer.
• Analysis of current research approaches and their outcomes.
• Identification of knowledge gaps and research inadequacies.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests the genitourinary microbiome significantly impacts BC development and progression.
• The interaction between the genitourinary microbiome and BC is understudied.
• Current research highlights the need for a deeper understanding of this relationship.

Conclusions:

• The genitourinary microbiome is a critical factor in bladder cancer.
• Future urological practice may incorporate microbiome analysis for BC diagnosis and treatment.
• Further research is essential to elucidate the microbiome's role in BC recurrence, progression, and therapeutic strategies.