Association between HMGA1 and immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis

The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene is overexpressed in malignant tumors, and its expression level correlates with the progression and metastasis of tumors. However, the specific role of HMGA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and relevant influencing approaches in tumor immunity remain unclear. In this study, the expression and clinical significance of HMGA1 in HCC immunity were analyzed. The expression levels of HMGA1 mRNA and protein in HCC tissue and normal liver tissue were analyzed based on the cancer genome atlas, the gene expression omnibus and the Human Protein Atlas databases. The correlation between HMGA1 and clinicopathological factors was analyzed, and survival was estimated based on the expression of HMGA1. Gene set cancer analysis and the TISIDB database were used to identify tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune inhibitors. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the involved signaling pathway. The HMGA1 genetic alterations were identified with the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. The expression of HMGA1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in HCC tissue and negatively correlated with survival. Neutrophils, Th17 cells, several immune inhibitors, and signaling pathways were positively correlated with the expression of HMGA1. Amplification was the main type of genetic alteration in HMGA1. These findings demonstrate that HMGA1 can be a therapeutic target and a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. HMGA1 may affect the progression of HCC by suppressing the immune function of these patients.