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The Role of Suburbanization in Metropolitan Segregation After 1940
John R Logan1, Samuel Kye2, H Jacob Carlson3
1Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Demography
|January 27, 2023
Summary
Residential segregation between Black and White Americans remained high from 1940-1970. Metropolitan segregation increased due to suburban growth, not redlining practices.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
- American History
Background:
- Black-White residential segregation is a persistent feature of American cities.
- Understanding the spatial dynamics and drivers of segregation is crucial for urban planning and social equity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the changes in the spatial scale of Black-White residential segregation in the United States between 1940 and 1970.
- To decompose metropolitan segregation into within-city, within-suburb, and between-city/suburb components.
- To investigate the relationship between segregation changes and factors like region, population size, and historical redlining.
Main Methods:
- Decomposition of metropolitan segregation into three spatial components.
- Analysis of segregation trends from 1940 to 1970.
- Examination of regional differences, metropolitan population sizes, and Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining data.
Main Results:
- Extreme segregation was already established by 1940 and changed modestly by 1970.
- Metropolitan-scale segregation changes were driven by racially selective suburban population growth.
- Segregation between and within suburbs increased in Northern metropolitan areas with larger Black populations.
- No association was found between HOLC redlining and subsequent changes in segregation.
Conclusions:
- Residential segregation patterns were largely entrenched by 1940, with modest changes by 1970.
- Suburban growth significantly influenced metropolitan segregation dynamics during this period.
- Historical redlining practices did not predict subsequent changes in residential segregation components.
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