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Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure.

Nataliya A Karyakina1,2, Natalia Shilnikova1,2, Nawal Farhat1,3,4

  • 1Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Manganese (Mn) exposure in various occupations can cause neurotoxicity. This review found limited and inconsistent evidence linking blood Mn levels to exposure or neurofunctional deficits, suggesting whole blood may be the most useful biomarker for risk assessment.

Keywords:
Manganesebioavailabilitybiomarkerbloodboneerythrocytesfingernailshairmanganismoccupational inhalation exposureplasmareviewsalivaserumtoenailsurine

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Health
  • Neurotoxicology

Background:

  • Long-term inhalation of manganese (Mn) can lead to manganism and neurofunctional deficits.
  • Workers in Mn mining, battery manufacturing, steel production, and welding are at risk.
  • Biomarkers are needed to assess Mn exposure and associated health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the reliability of Mn exposure biomarkers.
  • To examine the relationship between occupational Mn inhalation and Mn levels in biological samples.
  • To assess the link between blood Mn levels and neurotoxic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Searched three bibliographic databases for relevant studies.
  • Screened 6338 unique references, retaining 76 articles for data abstraction.
  • Focused on whole blood as a potential biomarker for internal Mn dose.

Main Results:

  • Relationships between blood Mn and external exposure indices were limited and inconsistent.
  • Heterogeneity in exposure sources and methodologies hindered direct comparisons.
  • Whole blood biomarkers showed potential utility for Mn biomonitoring and risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence on Mn biomarkers, including blood, urine, and hair, is limited and inconsistent.
  • Whole blood Mn levels may be the most promising biomarker for occupational Mn exposure assessment.
  • Further research with standardized methodologies is needed to clarify Mn-biomarker relationships and neurotoxic effects.