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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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What are Second Messengers?01:12

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Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Advances in MDS/AML and inositide signalling.

Alessia De Stefano1, Maria Vittoria Marvi1, Antonietta Fazio1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

Advances in Biological Regulation
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Aberrant signaling pathways involving phosphoinositides (PIs) are crucial in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation. Dysregulation of Phospholipase C (PLC) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways contributes to Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Keywords:
Acute myeloid leukemiaInositidesMyelodysplastic syndromesPI3K/Akt/mTORSignalling

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated by signaling pathways.
  • Aberrant signaling contributes to neoplastic growth and diseases like Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
  • Phosphoinositides (PIs) are key lipid mediators in cellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of phosphoinositide signaling in HSC regulation.
  • To elucidate the involvement of specific Phospholipase C (PLC) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components in MDS and AML pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of signaling pathways regulating HSCs.
  • Investigating the function of Phospholipase C (PLC) beta1, PLCgamma1.
  • Examining the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the context of hematologic malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant signaling pathways are implicated in HSC dysfunction.
  • Specific Phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms (beta1, gamma1) show aberrant regulation.
  • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is critically involved in the pathogenesis of MDS and AML.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoinositide signaling dysregulation is a significant factor in HSC-related diseases.
  • Targeting aberrant PLC and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling may offer therapeutic strategies for MDS and AML.