Space-time cluster detection techniques for infectious diseases: A systematic review

Public health organizations have increasingly harnessed geospatial technologies for disease surveillance, health services allocation, and targeting place-based health promotion initiatives.

We conducted a systematic review around the theme of space-time clustering detection techniques for infectious diseases using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently determined inclusion and exclusion.

Of 2,887 articles identified, 354 studies met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were application papers. Studies of airborne diseases were dominant, followed by vector-borne diseases. Most research used aggregated data instead of point data, and a significant proportion of articles used a repetition of a spatial clustering method, instead of using a "true" space-time detection approach, potentially leading to the detection of false positives. Noticeably, most articles did not make their data available, limiting replicability.

This review underlines recent trends in the application of space-time clustering methods to the field of infectious disease, with a rapid increase during the COVID-19 pandemic.