Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

395
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
395
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

40.8K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
40.8K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

34.9K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.9K
Teeth01:15

Teeth

553
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
553
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

451
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
451

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comprehensive analysis of <i>de novo</i> variants across 2,497 orofacial cleft trios reveals novel genetic drivers of disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Quantification and visualization of 3D facial aging in individuals of European ancestry.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Trio-based GWAS reveals novel loci associated with different forms of isolated cleft lip.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Leveraging the genetics of human face shape boosts the discovery of orofacial cleft risk loci.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Is 7p14.1 an orofacial cleft risk locus? Genome-wide study of copy number variation in multiple populations provides both a replication of previous studies and an alternative explanation.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Laterality and Completeness Patterns of Nonsyndromic Clefts in a Multiethnic Cohort.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

9.8K

Gene×environment associations in orofacial clefting.

Mary L Marazita1

  • 1Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gene-environment interactions (G×E) are crucial in understanding orofacial clefts (OFCs). Maternal exposures during pregnancy, interacting with genetic factors, significantly influence OFC risk.

Keywords:
Cleft lipCleft palateGeneticsGene×environment associationsOrofacial cleftsPregnancy exposures

More Related Videos

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme
08:36

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme

Published on: April 12, 2013

11.0K
Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy
06:35

Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy

Published on: September 30, 2013

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

9.8K
Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme
08:36

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme

Published on: April 12, 2013

11.0K
Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy
06:35

Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy

Published on: September 30, 2013

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Developmental Biology
  • Environmental Health Sciences

Background:

  • Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP), are common birth defects.
  • Nonsyndromic OFCs result from complex genetic and environmental influences.
  • Understanding gene-environment interactions (G×E) is key to identifying etiology.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes evidence on G×E in OFC development.
  • Candidate gene pathways (folate, retinoid, and xenobiotic metabolism) are explored.
  • Genes implicated in OFCs and G×E studies are examined.

Key Points:

  • Maternal exposures during pregnancy can modify OFC risk through G×E.
  • Specific signaling pathways (retinoic acid, aryl hydrocarbon, glucocorticoid receptors) are implicated.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are identifying novel G×E candidates.

Conclusions:

  • G×E research is vital for elucidating the multifactorial etiology of OFCs.
  • Future research should focus on advanced G×E methodologies.
  • Identifying specific G×E factors can inform prevention strategies for OFCs.