Interrelation between Programmed Cell Death and Immunogenic Cell Death: Take Antitumor Nanodrug as an Example

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nanomedicine
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Programmed cell death (PCD) and immunogenic cell death (ICD) are critical mechanisms in cancer therapy.
• Nanomedicines are increasingly developed to simultaneously induce both PCD and ICD in tumors.
• Understanding the interplay between these cell death modalities is vital for advancing clinical tumor treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the interrelationship between various PCD pathways and ICD.
• To highlight the role of nanomedicines in modulating these cell death mechanisms.
• To explore the application prospects of this understanding in developing novel ICD-inducing nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on PCD patterns (apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy) and ICD.
• Analysis of nanomedicines designed to induce simultaneous PCD and ICD.
• Examination of signaling pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum stress and crosstalk between non-apoptotic pathways and ICD.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of PCD patterns, their morphological differences, and interconnections.
• Exploration of the link between apoptosis, ICD, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, supported by nanomedicine examples.
• Illustration of the crosstalk between non-apoptotic PCD pathways and ICD, using nanomedicine applications.

Conclusions:

• The review deepens the understanding of the complex relationship between PCD and ICD.
• It expands the potential biomedical applications of diverse nanodrugs in cancer therapy.
• The findings are expected to promote advancements in clinical tumor treatment strategies.