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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: The Way Forward.

Nasr Eldin Elwali1, Omar Jarrah2, Saeed G Alzahrani3

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, KSA.

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Colorectal cancer incidence is rising in Saudi Arabia, with many diagnosed late. National screening programs are crucial for early detection and improved outcomes in the Saudi population.

Keywords:
Cancer controlColon cancerColorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasmsrectal cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cancer in Saudi Arabia, affecting males more than females.
  • Incidence has increased over the past 40 years, with a notable prevalence of early-onset CRC.
  • Late-stage diagnosis (regional/distal metastasis) is common, occurring in up to 50% of Saudi patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia.
  • To analyze incidence, mortality, and morbidity trends.
  • To evaluate existing disease control efforts and propose recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and data on colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and diagnostic stages.
  • Assessment of current public health interventions and screening practices.

Main Results:

  • Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in both Saudi males and females.
  • Lack of a systematic population-based screening program for colorectal cancer.
  • High proportion of patients diagnosed at advanced stages, indicating a need for improved early detection.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for a national, systematic colorectal cancer screening program in Saudi Arabia.
  • Integration of screening into primary healthcare is essential for at-risk populations.
  • Strengthening control programs is vital to reduce the burden of colorectal cancer in the Kingdom.