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Microplastics affect soybean rhizosphere microbial composition and function during vegetative and reproductive

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  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350 Tianjin, China.

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|January 29, 2023
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Summary

Polyamide microplastics (MPs) significantly altered soybean rhizosphere bacteria and nitrogen cycling in agricultural soils. Other MPs had varied, often temporary, impacts on soil microbial communities and functions.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCo-occurrence networkFunction structureMicroplasticsSoybean rhizosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as soil contaminants.
  • The impact of MPs on soil microbial ecosystems, particularly the rhizosphere, and nitrogen cycling remains poorly understood.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for agricultural sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of four types of MPs (polyamide, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride) on soybean rhizosphere bacterial communities and nitrogen cycling.
  • To assess these effects across different soil types (black and fluvo-aquic) and plant growth stages (vegetative and reproductive).

Main Methods:

  • A 70-day greenhouse experiment using soybean plants grown in two soil types.
  • Exposure to four different types of microplastics (polyamide, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride).
  • Analysis of bacterial alpha diversity, biomarker identification, network complexity, and nitrogen-cycling gene abundances.

Main Results:

  • Polyamide MPs consistently affected bacterial diversity and decreased network complexity in fluvo-aquic soil.
  • Order Rhizobiales was identified as a biomarker for polyamide MP contamination across both soil types.
  • Polyester and polyvinyl chloride MPs inhibited ammonification, while polyethylene MPs temporarily affected ammonia oxidation and denitrification.

Conclusions:

  • Microplastic contamination, especially polyamide, significantly alters soybean rhizosphere bacterial communities and functions.
  • The impact of MPs on soil microbial ecosystems and nitrogen cycling is complex and varies with MP type, soil type, and plant growth stage.
  • This research provides critical insights into the ecological risks of microplastic pollution in agricultural environments.