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Administration of stem cells against cardiovascular diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: Current knowledge

Mohammad Karimian1, Negar Nouri2, Leila Vafadar Ghasemi3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

Tissue & Cell
|January 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Stem cell therapies, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), show promise for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regenerating heart tissue. This review explores their mechanisms, benefits, and challenges for heart repair.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for CVDs have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.
  • Stem cell-based therapies offer a promising avenue for cardiac regeneration and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the application of stem cells, specifically induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in treating cardiovascular diseases.
  • To detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell efficacy in cardiac repair.
  • To critically evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives of stem cell therapy for CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing laboratory and clinical studies on stem cell therapies for CVDs.
  • Analysis of the regenerative properties, proliferative capacity, and differentiation potential of iPSCs and MSCs.
  • Examination of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in stem cell-mediated cardiac regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells, particularly iPSCs and MSCs, possess inherent regenerative capabilities beneficial for heart repair.
  • These stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, enhancing cardiovascular function and promoting heart regeneration.
  • Numerous studies confirm the efficacy and safety of iPSC and MSC-based treatments for CVDs.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy, utilizing iPSCs and MSCs, represents a significant advancement in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research and clinical translation are essential to fully realize the potential of stem cells in combating CVDs.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseIPSCsMesenchymal stem cellsStem cells therapy

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