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Updated: Aug 12, 2025
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
Published on: December 16, 2022
Differences in the difficulty of subtasks comprising the toileting task among patients with subacute stroke: A cohort
Shin Kitamura1, Yohei Otaka2, Yudai Murayama3
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
Introduction:
Toileting comprises multiple subtasks, and the difficulty of each is critical to determining the target and priority of intervention. The study aimed to examine the difficulty of subtasks that comprise toileting upon admission and the reacquisition of skills of subtasks during hospitalization.
Materials And Methods:
This was a single-center prospective cohort study. We enrolled 101 consecutive stroke patients (mean age: 69.3 years) admitted to subacute rehabilitation wards. The independence in each of the 24 toileting subtasks was assessed using the Toileting Tasks Assessment Form (TTAF) every two or four weeks. The number of patients who were independent upon admission, as well as those who were not independent upon admission but became independent during hospitalization, was examined in each subtask.
Results:
The most difficult subtask upon admission was "Lock the wheelchair brakes" (16.8% of patients were independent), followed by "Turn while standing (before urination/defecation)" (17.8%), "Pull the lower garments down" (18.0%), "Turn while standing (after urination/defecation)" (18.8%), "Pull the lower garments up and adjust them" (18.8%), and "Maintain a standing position (before urination/defecation)" (18.8%). The most difficult subtask for those who were not independent but became independent was "Dispose of incontinence pad/sanitary items" (19.3%), followed by "Press the nurse call button (after urination/defecation)" (28.3%), "Take the foot off the footrest and place it on the ground" (28.6%), and "Clean up after urination/defecation" (29.0%).
Conclusions:
The difficult subtasks upon admission and those for reacquired skills were different. The most difficult subtasks upon admission were main tasks, and the difficult subtasks in reacquiring skills were preparatory tasks.
