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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures

Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures

Published on: November 14, 2019

Quantitative modelling demonstrates format-invariant representations of mathematical problems in the brain.

Tomoya Nakai^1,2, Shinji Nishimoto^2,3,4

¹Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|January 29, 2023

Summary

This study reveals that the brain processes mathematical problems, whether in words or symbols, in a format-invariant way, primarily in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS). This finding advances our understanding of mathematical cognition and neural representation.

Keywords:

IPS RSA encoding fMRI mathematics

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Mathematical Cognition

Background:

Mathematical problems are presented in symbolic or natural language formats.
Previous research indicates overlapping brain activation for different math problem formats.
The neural basis and quantitative representation of mathematical problem-solving remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively model and evaluate brain representations for mathematical problems.
To investigate whether different formats of mathematical problems share similar neural representations.
To explore format-invariant processing in mathematical cognition.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed during mathematical tasks.
Voxel-wise encoding models were constructed to quantitatively assess brain activity.
Representational similarity analysis and principal component analysis were used to compare neural patterns.

Main Results:

Encoding models successfully predicted brain activity in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) for both symbolic and word problems.
Analysis revealed similar cortical organization within the IPS for different mathematical problem formats.
These format-invariant representations were observed even after controlling for non-mathematical word processing.

Conclusions:

Mathematical problems are represented in a format-invariant manner in the brain.
The left IPS plays a crucial role in the abstract, format-invariant representation of mathematical information.
This study provides quantitative evidence for abstract neural representations in mathematical cognition.