Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.2K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

619
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
619
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

37.0K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
37.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generalizable structure-function covariation predictive of antidepressant response revealed by target-oriented multimodal fusion.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates single-neuron activity in humans.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Personalizing Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders: From Circuits to Closed-Loop Control.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Distinct cortical excitability and connectivity profiles within the human SMA complex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Transcranial magnetic stimulation with intracranial recording in humans and primates: a review.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025
Same author

Prediction of postoperative delirium in older adults from preoperative cognition and occipital alpha power from resting-state electroencephalogram.

Age and ageing·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

9.3K

Mapping cortical excitability in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Juha Gogulski, Christopher C Cline, Jessica M Ross

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |January 30, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Early local TMS-evoked potentials (EL-TEPs) are influenced by stimulation site in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Posterior-medial dlPFC targets maximize EL-TEPs and minimize muscle artifacts for improved neuromodulation.

    More Related Videos

    Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
    12:33

    Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

    Published on: December 31, 2013

    9.0K
    Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
    06:13

    Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

    Published on: January 19, 2024

    1.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

    Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
    09:52

    Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

    Published on: February 23, 2020

    9.3K
    Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
    12:33

    Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

    Published on: December 31, 2013

    9.0K
    Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
    06:13

    Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

    Published on: January 19, 2024

    1.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neuromodulation
    • Brain Stimulation

    Background:

    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
    • Early TMS-evoked potentials (EL-TEPs) provide insights into neural activity.
    • Characterizing EL-TEPs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications, such as in depression treatment.

    Approach:

    • Investigated early local TMS-evoked potentials (EL-TEPs) within 20-50 ms post-stimulation.
    • Mapped EL-TEPs and muscle artifacts across multiple targets and coil angles in the dlPFC.
    • Analyzed the influence of stimulation location and angle on EL-TEP amplitude and muscle artifact.

    Key Points:

    • Stimulation location significantly impacts EL-TEPs, with posterior-medial dlPFC targets yielding larger responses.
    • Regions with higher EL-TEP amplitude exhibited reduced muscle artifact.
    • A group-level optimal target increased EL-TEPs by 102% compared to other dlPFC targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Posterior-medial dlPFC regions allow for EL-TEP assessment with minimal muscle confounds.
    • Identifying optimal group-level and personalized TMS targets can enhance EL-TEP magnitude.
    • These findings have implications for refining TMS protocols in clinical settings, particularly for depression.