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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Gestational age-dependent decrease in fetal Hofbauer cells in placentas from pregnancies exposed to wildfire smoke in

Emilia Basilio1, Nida Ozarslan2, Sirirak Buarpung2

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.

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|January 30, 2023
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Summary

Wildfire smoke exposure during early pregnancy is linked to fewer fetal immune cells (Hofbauer cells) in placentas. This suggests potential impacts on fetal development and placental function due to air pollution.

Keywords:
HofbauerPM2.5air pollutionclimate changefireinflammationmacrophageplacentapregnancysmokewildfire

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Wildfires are increasing due to climate change, posing risks to pregnant individuals.
  • Wildfire smoke exposure is linked to adverse perinatal outcomes like preterm birth and fetal growth restriction.
  • Fetal inflammatory responses, indicated by Hofbauer cells, may underlie these adverse outcomes.

Approach:

  • Placentas from 67 pregnancies in San Francisco during wildfire events were analyzed.
  • Particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels were estimated for each pregnancy.
  • Immunostaining identified Hofbauer cells; their density was correlated with PM2.5 exposure levels.

Key Points:

  • A significant inverse relationship was observed between placental Hofbauer cell density and PM2.5 exposure in first and second trimester samples.
  • Wildfire smoke exposure was associated with decreased Hofbauer cell density, particularly in early pregnancy.
  • A 1 μg/m³ increase in wildfire PM2.5 was linked to a decrease in Hofbauer cell density.

Conclusions:

  • Wildfire smoke exposure is associated with reduced fetal Hofbauer cells in early pregnancy placentas.
  • This suggests impaired placental function and altered fetal immune status due to smoke exposure.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term impacts on perinatal health.