Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.7K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.7K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

90.4K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.4K
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

32.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
32.7K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

12.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.9K
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

108
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
108
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

14.8K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intentions poorly explain how and why people engage in offensive and defensive forms of violence.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Group-mindedness as evolved solution to deal with group-living.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025
Same author

Honour, competition and cooperation across 13 societies.

Nature human behaviour·2025
Same author

Reciprocity evolves more readily in competitive than cooperative socio-ecologies.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2025
Same author

Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation.

Communications psychology·2025
Same author

Why some coalitions benefit from historical myths more than others.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.7K

Conflict misperceptions between citizens and foreigners across the globe.

Angelo Romano1, Jörg Gross1,2, Carsten K W De Dreu1,3

  • 1Social, Economic, and Organizational Psychology Department, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

PNAS Nexus
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

People globally misperceive foreigner competitiveness, leading to conflict. Macro-level differences in national wealth, institutions, and international conflict history explain these misperceptions and competition levels.

Keywords:
conflictcooperationcross-culturalecologymisperceptions

More Related Videos

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

5.8K
The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

71.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.7K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

5.8K
The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

71.1K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • International Relations
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Global cooperation is hindered by citizen-foreigner conflict.
  • Misperceptions of foreigner competitiveness exacerbate these issues.
  • Understanding these misperceptions is crucial for global problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how citizens perceive and interact with foreigners in competitive scenarios.
  • To identify factors influencing competition levels and misperceptions between citizens and foreigners.
  • To explore the relationship between macro-level national characteristics and intergroup conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized incentivized contest experiments involving 12,863 participants from 51 countries.
  • Analyzed 656,274 decisions made during interactions between citizens and foreigners.
  • Examined the explanatory power of cultural values, environmental stress, national wealth, institutions, and international conflict history.

Main Results:

  • Individuals worldwide systematically misperceived the competitiveness of foreigners, leading to suboptimal competition.
  • Competition levels and misperceptions were not well explained by cultural values or environmental stress.
  • Differences in national wealth, institutional quality, and histories of international conflict robustly explained competition and misperceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Macro-level socio-economic disparities between nations contribute to the formation of stereotypes.
  • These disparities can foster misperceptions and potentially lead to intergroup conflict.
  • Addressing macro-level differences is key to mitigating citizen-foreigner conflict in a globalized world.