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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Voiding dysfunction after colpectomy and urethral lengthening in transgender men.

Rüdiger Hochstätter1, Marie-Christine Bertholin Y Galvez1, Riccarda Hartleb1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

International Journal of Transgender Health
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative voiding dysfunction occurred in 15% of transgender men after colpectomy with urethral lengthening. This complication was more frequent in patients undergoing concomitant hysterectomy.

Keywords:
Colpectomygender-affirming surgerytransgenderurethral lengtheningurinary retentionvoiding dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gender-affirming surgery
  • Transgender health

Background:

  • Colpectomy is a common procedure in gender-affirming surgery for transgender men.
  • Urologic complications can arise, potentially delaying further medical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rate of postoperative voiding dysfunction following colpectomy with urethral lengthening in transgender men.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with voiding dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 47 transgender men who underwent colpectomy with urethral lengthening.
  • Data collected included prior hysterectomy status and concomitant procedures.
  • Voiding dysfunction was defined as failure to void spontaneously after catheter removal at 14 days.

Main Results:

  • 85% of patients (40/47) achieved spontaneous voiding post-catheter removal.
  • 15% of patients (7/47) experienced voiding dysfunction.
  • Voiding dysfunction was higher in patients undergoing concomitant hysterectomy (27%) compared to those with prior hysterectomy (11%).

Conclusions:

  • Voiding dysfunction affects 15% of transgender men undergoing colpectomy with urethral lengthening.
  • Concomitant hysterectomy may increase the risk of voiding dysfunction.
  • Patients should be counseled on the potential for voiding dysfunction.