Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Different Peri-Implant Conditions: a Pilot Cross - Sectional Study

To assess the potential correlation between clinical peri-implant parameters and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in different peri-implant conditions.

The study included 30 patients from the Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine divided into three equal groups, defined according to the following diagnoses: peri-implantitis (PI), peri-implant mucositis (PM), and peri-implant health (HI). Clinical parameters such as peri-implant probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration on probing (SUP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded. The samples of peri-implant crevicular fluid were collected and relative levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis were analyzed using Real-Time PCR (Reverse transcriptase - real-time polymerase chain reaction).

The mean patient age was 51.33 ± 12.61 years. The mean value for Porphyromonas ginigvalis relative level was higher in the PI group (14.80 ±31.51) compared to PM and HI group (0.48 ± 1.34 and 0.06 ± 0.12, respectively). This parameter significantly differed between PI and HI (p=0.012), as well as PI and PM (p=0.049). The mean whole mouth probing pocket depth (PPD) in the PI group (4.02mm ± 0.77mm) was also significantly greater compared to the other two groups (3.39mm ± 0.52mm in PM and 1.97mm ± 0.54mm in the HI group. The SUP in the PI (mean value of 18%) group was more frequent than in PM (mean value of 14%) while the SUP was not detected in the HI group. The correlation between clinical parameters and relative levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis was not significant.

The findings of this research indicate higher relative levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in peri-implant lesions, especially in peri-implantitis.