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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

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Published on: December 23, 2020

Protein post-translational modification in SARS-CoV-2 and host interaction.

Nana Cheng^1,2, Mingzhu Liu¹, Wanting Li¹

¹China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|January 30, 2023

Summary

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) in SARS-CoV-2 are crucial for viral entry, replication, and immune evasion. Understanding these PTMs informs strategies for COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development.

Keywords:

ADP-ribosylation SARS-CoV-2 acylation glycosylation methylation phosphorylation ubiquitination

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Area of Science:

Virology and Molecular Biology
Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes significant respiratory and multi-system diseases.
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and viral lifecycle.
Common PTMs include glycosylation, phosphorylation, acylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, affecting viral proteins like Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), Membrane (M), and Envelope (E).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diverse effects of PTMs on SARS-CoV-2.
To elucidate the role of PTMs in host cell interactions and immune responses.
To highlight the implications of PTMs for antiviral strategies and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating SARS-CoV-2 PTMs.
Analysis of PTMs on key viral proteins (S, N, M, E, NSP3, ORF7a).
Examination of PTMs' impact on viral entry, replication, assembly, and host immune modulation.

Main Results:

Glycosylation of S protein facilitates cell entry and immune evasion.
Phosphorylation and methylation of N protein enhance viral RNA binding and replication.
Acylation (succinylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation) and ubiquitination of viral proteins modulate assembly, infectivity, and host immune signaling (e.g., IFN-α).

Conclusions:

PTMs play fundamental roles across the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle, from entry to replication and assembly.
PTMs significantly influence host-pathogen interactions, including immune evasion and inflammation.
Targeting PTMs presents a promising avenue for developing effective antiviral therapies and vaccines against COVID-19.