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Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Leaky Scanning

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CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

Research progress on circular RNA vaccines.

Yu Bai^1,2,3, Dong Liu^1,2,3, Qian He^1,2,3

¹Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|January 30, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines show promise as a more stable alternative to current mRNA vaccines. This review covers circRNA research, vaccine development, and quality control strategies.

Keywords:

circular RNA vaccines outlook production process quality control research progress

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Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

Quantification of Circular RNAs Using Digital Droplet PCR

Quantification of Circular RNAs Using Digital Droplet PCR

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Vaccinology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Linear mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 have demonstrated success.
Research is exploring circular RNA (circRNA) as a more stable vaccine platform.
Preliminary results in circRNA vaccine development are encouraging.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key findings and progress in circRNA research.
To summarize the in vivo metabolism and biological functions of circRNAs.
To outline the research progress and production of circRNA vaccines.

Main Methods:

Literature review of circRNA research and vaccine development.
Analysis of circRNA metabolism and biological functions.
Examination of circRNA vaccine production processes and quality control.

Main Results:

circRNA vaccines offer potential for enhanced stability compared to mRNA vaccines.
Significant progress has been made in understanding circRNA biology and applications.
Quality control considerations for circRNA vaccines are being actively addressed.

Conclusions:

circRNA vaccines represent a promising next-generation vaccine technology.
Further research into circRNA metabolism and function will aid vaccine design.
Addressing challenges in circRNA vaccine development and quality control is crucial for clinical translation.