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Effects of ABO blood groups and RH-factor on COVID-19 transmission, course and outcome: A review

Mohammad T Abuawwad1, Mohammad J J Taha1, Luai Abu-Ismail2

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Frontiers in Medicine
|January 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Blood groups influence COVID-19 outcomes. Group O may be protective, while group A increases risk. Rh positive status is linked to more severe COVID-19, but more research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • ABO and Rh blood groups are non-modifiable risk factors influencing disease susceptibility and severity.
  • COVID-19 has shown varied outcomes potentially linked to these blood group systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global associations between ABO and Rh blood groups and COVID-19 transmission, course, and prognosis.
  • To provide clarity for clinical practice regarding blood groups and COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating blood groups and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of reported associations concerning infection risk, disease severity, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Blood group O appears protective against COVID-19 infection.
  • Blood group A is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 exacerbation.
  • Rh positive individuals may experience more severe COVID-19 and complications compared to Rh negative individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Blood groups significantly correlate with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
  • While trends suggest protective roles for O and risks for A and Rh positive, mechanisms require further investigation.
  • The association between blood groups and COVID-19 outcomes warrants continued research due to existing controversies.

Keywords:
ABO blood groupsCOVID-19RH factorSARS-CoV-2hematology

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